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口譯中如何做到簡化?

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? ? ? ?交替翻譯,尤其是同聲傳譯中,簡化翻譯的技巧十分重要。這種簡化是指口譯中,當(dāng)原語語言結(jié)構(gòu)成分重疊、語意雷同重復(fù),辭藻華麗、講話人語速“排山倒?!鼻闆r下,譯員以“四兩撥千斤”、“短、平、快”的技巧,一語中的地譯出原語的核心語意,從而達(dá)到“柳暗花明又一村”的效果。
  口譯中如何做到簡化呢?
  首先,要很好地提煉語意;其次,要熟知中文中有大量的“外圍詞”(或稱為“宏觀概括詞”)。這些概括詞,其實(shí)不承載實(shí)際語意,但卻著實(shí)起到了語言上的烘托作用。
  例1:40年跌宕起伏, 40年眾志成城,40年春風(fēng)化雨,40年砥礪奮進(jìn)。
  很明顯,“跌宕起伏,眾志成城,春風(fēng)化雨,砥礪奮進(jìn)”這四個(gè)中國語言典型的四字格詞,辭藻華美、寓意深刻,形成強(qiáng)烈的排比。同傳中如果把它們逐字逐句翻譯出來,增加口譯難度、時(shí)間緊迫不說,外國聽眾還會不理解其中的含義。
  根據(jù)背景知識和上下文,這40年無疑是中國改革開放的40年。這句話要傳遞的核心語意就是經(jīng)過“中國40的改革開放來,經(jīng)過不懈努力,我們已經(jīng)取得了巨大成就”。
  口譯為:In the 40 year's reform and opening up, we forged ahead and scored great achievements.
  例2:所有這一切都源于改革開放的偉大力量和中華民族自強(qiáng)不息的偉大精神。
  此句中,“偉大力量”“偉大精神”都是概括詞,如何現(xiàn)場一定翻譯出來,不但傳遞實(shí)際交流的內(nèi)容,往往還會給外國聽眾帶來“一頭霧水”的感覺。因此,可以簡化不譯。而“改革開放”“自強(qiáng)不息”才具體信息,必須準(zhǔn)確譯出。謹(jǐn)記:口譯時(shí)只需要譯出具體信息,這樣才能在極短的時(shí)間內(nèi)傳遞信息,達(dá)到交流的目的,又使語言更有張力,避免冗長。
  口譯為:We owe all these achievements to the reform and opening up and to the resilience of the Chinese nation.
  例3:改革開放40年來,在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,中國人民憑著一股逢山開路、遇水架橋的闖勁,憑著一股滴水穿石的韌勁,成功走出一條中國特色社會主義道路。我們遇到過困難,我們遇到過挑戰(zhàn),但我們不懈奮斗、與時(shí)俱進(jìn),用勤勞、勇敢、智慧書寫著當(dāng)代中國發(fā)展進(jìn)步的故事。
  “一股逢山開路、遇水架橋的闖勁,憑著一股滴水穿石的韌勁”這一句中,“逢山開”、“遇水搭橋”、“滴水穿石”這些都是非常生動的擴(kuò)展表達(dá):而“闖勁”、“韌勁”兩個(gè)詞語意雷同。所以,口譯時(shí),翻譯出其確切的語意就可,即:forge ahead,fearless 及determine。
  In 40 years of reform and opening up, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, we Chinese have forged ahead, fearless and determined, and we have successfully embarked on a path of socialism with distinctive Chinese features. We have encountered difficulties and challenges on the way forward. But we have persevered and kept pace with the times. With dedication, courage and ingenuity, we are making great progress in pursuing development in today's China.
  例4:為了開好本次大會,大會組委會全力以赴做了大量的準(zhǔn)備工作。中國政府和北京市政府均對本次大會的籌備給予了大力支持。很多國家政府和衛(wèi)生主管部門也為中國籌備本次大會提供了有益的幫助。在此,我謹(jǐn)向所有支持本次大會籌備工作的國家、部門和朋友們表示最衷心的感謝!
  現(xiàn)場的譯員口譯為:The Organizing Committee of the Congress has made lot of work to make preparations in order to make the Congress a success. The Central Government and the Beijing Municipal Government of China have rendered great support to the preparatory work of the Congress. The Governments and health departments of many countries have given kind assistance to China's preparatory work for the Congress. Here I would like to express my most sincere thanks to all countries, departments and friends that have given us support to the preparatory work for the Congress.
  在這句話中,"大會",出現(xiàn)了五次,初譯在英文中也出現(xiàn)五次。"籌備"一詞在漢語中出現(xiàn)三次,在英譯文中也出現(xiàn)了三次。譯文句子非常累贅。此外,“...has made lot of work to make preparations...”一句中,三個(gè)詞“make, work, make ”羅列疊加,Chinglish的味道十分重。
  改譯為:The Organizing Committee has gone all out and done a lot of preparatory work for this Congress. Both the Central Government of China and the Beijing Municipal Government have rendered unfailing support to its preparations. The Governments and Heath departments of many countries also have provided us with kind help. Here I wish to express most sincere thanks to all the countries, departments and friends for your efforts.
  改譯后,“大會”和“籌備”都只出現(xiàn)過一次,句子簡練,表達(dá)清晰。